Linux v1.03 的 Java(tm) 二進位制核心支援¶
Linux 擊敗了所有!當所有其他作業系統都在談論在作業系統中直接支援 Java 二進位制檔案時,Linux 正在這樣做!
在完成以下操作後,您可以像執行任何其他程式一樣執行 Java 應用程式和 Java Applet
您必須首先安裝 Linux 的 Java 開發工具包。 Linux 上的 Java HOWTO 提供了獲取和安裝的詳細資訊。 該 HOWTO 可以在以下位置找到
您還應該設定一個合理的 CLASSPATH 環境變數,以使用利用任何非標準類(未包含在與應用程式本身相同的目錄中)的 Java 應用程式。
您必須將 BINFMT_MISC 編譯為模組或編譯到核心中 (
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) 並正確設定它。 如果您選擇將其編譯為模組,您將必須使用 modprobe/insmod 手動插入它,因為 kmod 無法輕易支援 binfmt_misc。 閱讀此目錄中的檔案“binfmt_misc.txt”以瞭解有關配置過程的更多資訊。將以下配置項新增到 binfmt_misc(您現在應該真正閱讀了
binfmt_misc.txt): 支援 Java 應用程式':Java:M::\xca\xfe\xba\xbe::/usr/local/bin/javawrapper:'
支援可執行 Jar 檔案
':ExecutableJAR:E::jar::/usr/local/bin/jarwrapper:'
支援 Java Applets
':Applet:E::html::/usr/bin/appletviewer:'
或者以下,如果您想更具選擇性
':Applet:M::<!--applet::/usr/bin/appletviewer:'
當然,您必須修復路徑名。 本文件中給出的路徑/檔名與 Debian 2.1 系統匹配。(即,jdk 安裝在
/usr中,來自本文件的自定義包裝器位於/usr/local中)請注意,為了獲得更具選擇性的 applet 支援,您必須修改現有的 html 檔案,使其第一行包含
<!--applet-->(<必須是第一個字元!)才能使其正常工作!對於編譯後的 Java 程式,您需要一個像下面這樣的包裝指令碼(這是因為 Java 在檔名處理方面存在問題),再次修復指令碼和上面給出的配置字串中的路徑名。
您也需要在指令碼之後的小程式。 像這樣編譯
gcc -O2 -o javaclassname javaclassname.c
並將其貼上到
/usr/local/bin。javawrapper shellscript 和 javaclassname 程式均由 Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk> 提供。
Javawrapper shell 指令碼
#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/javawrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/java
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo Usage: $0 class-file
exit 1
fi
CLASS=$1
FQCLASS=`/usr/local/bin/javaclassname $1`
FQCLASSN=`echo $FQCLASS | sed -e 's/^.*\.\([^.]*\)$/\1/'`
FQCLASSP=`echo $FQCLASS | sed -e 's-\.-/-g' -e 's-^[^/]*$--' -e 's-/[^/]*$--'`
# for example:
# CLASS=Test.class
# FQCLASS=foo.bar.Test
# FQCLASSN=Test
# FQCLASSP=foo/bar
unset CLASSBASE
declare -i LINKLEVEL=0
while :; do
if [ "`basename $CLASS .class`" == "$FQCLASSN" ]; then
# See if this directory works straight off
cd -L `dirname $CLASS`
CLASSDIR=$PWD
cd $OLDPWD
if echo $CLASSDIR | grep -q "$FQCLASSP$"; then
CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR | sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`
break;
fi
# Try dereferencing the directory name
cd -P `dirname $CLASS`
CLASSDIR=$PWD
cd $OLDPWD
if echo $CLASSDIR | grep -q "$FQCLASSP$"; then
CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR | sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`
break;
fi
# If no other possible filename exists
if [ ! -L $CLASS ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " $CLASS should be in a" \
"directory tree called $FQCLASSP"
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ ! -L $CLASS ]; then break; fi
# Go down one more level of symbolic links
let LINKLEVEL+=1
if [ $LINKLEVEL -gt 5 ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " Too many symbolic links encountered"
exit 1
fi
CLASS=`ls --color=no -l $CLASS | sed -e 's/^.* \([^ ]*\)$/\1/'`
done
if [ -z "$CLASSBASE" ]; then
if [ -z "$FQCLASSP" ]; then
GOODNAME=$FQCLASSN.class
else
GOODNAME=$FQCLASSP/$FQCLASSN.class
fi
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " $FQCLASS should be in a file called $GOODNAME"
exit 1
fi
if ! echo $CLASSPATH | grep -q "^\(.*:\)*$CLASSBASE\(:.*\)*"; then
# class is not in CLASSPATH, so prepend dir of class to CLASSPATH
if [ -z "${CLASSPATH}" ] ; then
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE
else
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE:$CLASSPATH
fi
fi
shift
/usr/bin/java $FQCLASS "$@"
javaclassname.c
/* javaclassname.c
*
* Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java
* wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel.
*
* Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
/* From Sun's Java VM Specification, as tag entries in the constant pool. */
#define CP_UTF8 1
#define CP_INTEGER 3
#define CP_FLOAT 4
#define CP_LONG 5
#define CP_DOUBLE 6
#define CP_CLASS 7
#define CP_STRING 8
#define CP_FIELDREF 9
#define CP_METHODREF 10
#define CP_INTERFACEMETHODREF 11
#define CP_NAMEANDTYPE 12
#define CP_METHODHANDLE 15
#define CP_METHODTYPE 16
#define CP_INVOKEDYNAMIC 18
/* Define some commonly used error messages */
#define seek_error() error("%s: Cannot seek\n", program)
#define corrupt_error() error("%s: Class file corrupt\n", program)
#define eof_error() error("%s: Unexpected end of file\n", program)
#define utf8_error() error("%s: Only ASCII 1-255 supported\n", program);
char *program;
long *pool;
u_int8_t read_8(FILE *classfile);
u_int16_t read_16(FILE *classfile);
void skip_constant(FILE *classfile, u_int16_t *cur);
void error(const char *format, ...);
int main(int argc, char **argv);
/* Reads in an unsigned 8-bit integer. */
u_int8_t read_8(FILE *classfile)
{
int b = fgetc(classfile);
if(b == EOF)
eof_error();
return (u_int8_t)b;
}
/* Reads in an unsigned 16-bit integer. */
u_int16_t read_16(FILE *classfile)
{
int b1, b2;
b1 = fgetc(classfile);
if(b1 == EOF)
eof_error();
b2 = fgetc(classfile);
if(b2 == EOF)
eof_error();
return (u_int16_t)((b1 << 8) | b2);
}
/* Reads in a value from the constant pool. */
void skip_constant(FILE *classfile, u_int16_t *cur)
{
u_int16_t len;
int seekerr = 1;
pool[*cur] = ftell(classfile);
switch(read_8(classfile))
{
case CP_UTF8:
len = read_16(classfile);
seekerr = fseek(classfile, len, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_CLASS:
case CP_STRING:
case CP_METHODTYPE:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_METHODHANDLE:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 3, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_INTEGER:
case CP_FLOAT:
case CP_FIELDREF:
case CP_METHODREF:
case CP_INTERFACEMETHODREF:
case CP_NAMEANDTYPE:
case CP_INVOKEDYNAMIC:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 4, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_LONG:
case CP_DOUBLE:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_CUR);
++(*cur);
break;
default:
corrupt_error();
}
if(seekerr)
seek_error();
}
void error(const char *format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *classfile;
u_int16_t cp_count, i, this_class, classinfo_ptr;
u_int8_t length;
program = argv[0];
if(!argv[1])
error("%s: Missing input file\n", program);
classfile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if(!classfile)
error("%s: Error opening %s\n", program, argv[1]);
if(fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_SET)) /* skip magic and version numbers */
seek_error();
cp_count = read_16(classfile);
pool = calloc(cp_count, sizeof(long));
if(!pool)
error("%s: Out of memory for constant pool\n", program);
for(i = 1; i < cp_count; ++i)
skip_constant(classfile, &i);
if(fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR)) /* skip access flags */
seek_error();
this_class = read_16(classfile);
if(this_class < 1 || this_class >= cp_count)
corrupt_error();
if(!pool[this_class] || pool[this_class] == -1)
corrupt_error();
if(fseek(classfile, pool[this_class] + 1, SEEK_SET))
seek_error();
classinfo_ptr = read_16(classfile);
if(classinfo_ptr < 1 || classinfo_ptr >= cp_count)
corrupt_error();
if(!pool[classinfo_ptr] || pool[classinfo_ptr] == -1)
corrupt_error();
if(fseek(classfile, pool[classinfo_ptr] + 1, SEEK_SET))
seek_error();
length = read_16(classfile);
for(i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
u_int8_t x = read_8(classfile);
if((x & 0x80) || !x)
{
if((x & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
{
u_int8_t y = read_8(classfile);
if((y & 0xC0) == 0x80)
{
int c = ((x & 0x1f) << 6) + (y & 0x3f);
if(c) putchar(c);
else utf8_error();
}
else utf8_error();
}
else utf8_error();
}
else if(x == '/') putchar('.');
else putchar(x);
}
putchar('\n');
free(pool);
fclose(classfile);
return 0;
}
jarwrapper
#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/java/bin/jarwrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/jar
java -jar $1
現在只需 chmod +x 您想要執行的 .class、.jar 和/或 .html 檔案。
要將 Java 程式新增到您的路徑,最好將指向主 .class 檔案的符號連結放入 /usr/bin(或您喜歡的其他位置),省略 .class 副檔名。 包含原始 .class 檔案的目錄將在執行期間新增到您的 CLASSPATH。
要測試您的新設定,請輸入以下簡單的 Java 應用程式,並將其命名為“HelloWorld.java”
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
現在用以下命令編譯應用程式
javac HelloWorld.java
使用以下命令設定二進位制檔案的可執行許可權
chmod 755 HelloWorld.class
然後執行它
./HelloWorld.class
要執行 Java Jar 檔案,只需 chmod *.jar 檔案以包含執行位,然後只需執行
./Application.jar
要執行 Java Applet,只需 chmod *.html 檔案以包含執行位,然後只需執行
./Applet.html
最初由 Brian A. Lantz, brian@lantz.com 編寫,由 Richard Günther 大量編輯以用於 binfmt_misc, Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk> 添加了新指令碼,Kurt Huwig <kurt@iku-netz.de> 添加了可執行 Jar 檔案支援